Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents. Butler and Beck (2000) reviewed 14 meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of Beck's cognitive therapy and concluded that about 80% of adults benefited from the therapy. Psychiatry Research, 110, 291-299. Arch Gen Psychiatry. The normative sample is predominantly White (91%). Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. Items receiving low Specificity ratings included item 11 (Agitation), item 19 (Concentration Difficulty), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). They conducted both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and found a 2nd order general factor of Depression and three first-order factors: Negative Attitude, Performance Difficulty, and Somatic Elements. Once a person completes the short questionnaire, the scoring is straightforward and simple. Some items on the BDI have more than one statement marked with the same score. Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. www.ub.uib.no/elpub/2001/h/308003/Hovedoppgave.pdf. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(2), 94-99. Dr. Beck and his colleagues found that the BDI had good reliability and validity. The purpose of the present study . Ehlers, A., Clark, D., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Fennel, M. (2005). This population consisted of 317 females and 183 males; 91% Caucasian, 4% African American, 4% Asian American, and 1% Latino. Depression represents the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide [3] with the higher prevalence in low and middle-income countries [54]. Psychol Assess. Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: The Family Coping Skills Program. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measures and assesses the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past month. Eur Psychiatry. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline can be reached at 1-800-273-8255, and is available 24/7. BDI-IA. [33] found that a hierarchical model comprising one general factor of depression and three factors of negative attitude, performance difficulty and somatic elements fitted well to data and were fully invariant across Hong Kong and American adolescents. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). References. Validation of the BDI-II in a low-income African American sample of medical outpatients. Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1115-1129. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. If you are looking for a quick and easy way to take the Beck Depression Inventory or if you are a doctor looking to give it to your patients, there are a few versions available: It is important to note that the official BDI is copyrighted and available on Pearson's website. 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. Yeung, A., Howarth, S., Chan, R., Sonawalla, S., Nierenberg, A., & Fava, M. (2002). 7. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted They found good internal consistency (alpha=.92), and using confirmatory factor analysis, identified two first-order depression factors and one second-order general depression factor, similar to what has been reported in other samples. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a bifactor model with a general depression factor and three specific factors consisting of cognitive, affective and somatic showed the best fit to the data. Thus, in contrast to different authors who advocate the use of BDI-II total scores and questioned the validity of subscales [13,34], the present findings support the use of the BDI-II total score along with scores corresponding to each subscale, in agreement with Beck et al. 2013;35(4):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. Therefore, findings cannot be generalized and further replication in both representative samples from general population and clinical samples are needed. In practice, this finding implies that BDI-II items can be summed to form an overall score, with higher total scores indicating greater level of depression severity [32]. One study involving a confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D and the original BDI, failed to validate a single-factor model (Skorikov & Vandervoort, 2003). Sprinkle et al. The authors report that the solution differed from that reported for adults in that the first factor contained both cognitive and affective symptoms. Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. This paper, therefore, evaluates the instrument, looking at its design and format, its Psychometric properties, strengths, and weaknesses. It takes approximately 10 minutes to complete, although clients require a fifth-sixth-grade reading level to adequately understand the questions. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. The BDI includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. One of the most popular measures used all around the world, is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013). 1996). Yes Validating the Beck Depression Inventory-II for Hong Kong community adolescents. 2021;27(4):603-612. doi:10.1177/1352458520921073, Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, Schoevers RA, Tuerlinckx F, Borsboom D. Measuring depression over time . The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. Thus, even using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning may be quite different [45]. Despite all limitations, we note that this is the first study to demonstrate the construct validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Dominican Republic. Can be administered with the BDI-II and the BHS for a more complete evaluation. treatment [3,5]. The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Perceptions of the environment, suicidal ideation and problem-solving deficits in an offender population. [61], affective symptoms may shift from one dimension to another depending on background and composition of samples being studied. Conceptualization, Although they used the original BDI in this study, they suggested that results would generalize to the BDI-II given the overlap between the two. Mood Disorder (Depressive, Bipolar) and Symptoms (e.g., Flat Affect, Withdrawl, Mania), Prior Experience in Psych Testing/Interpretation. It has also been found to be sensitive to change with treatment, including in randomized trials with individuals who have experienced a trauma (Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie & Nixon, 2005) and those diagnosed PTSD (Ehlers et al., 2005). Completion Time:: 5 to 10 minutes; self-administered or verbally by a trained administrator. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor Analyses and Group Data. Internal reliability was moderate to high for all subscales and for the total scale. Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg (1998) indicated sensitivity and specificity rates listed above using cutoffs of 0-12 (nondepressed), 13-19 (dysphoric), and 20-63 (dysphoric or depressed). In order to assess the effect size of these differences, Cohen's d was calculated, with values around .30 considered as small effects, values around .50 as medium effects and values greater than .80 as large effects [53]. (2003). PMID: 32962793; PMCID: PMC7681155. 2011;63 Suppl 11:S454-S466. Aaron T. Beck, M.D. Five screening items reduce the length and the intrusiveness of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal. Beck Depression Inventory is an efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring the presence and severity of depression in patients. (1998). It contains 21 items, and a patient has to rate them all on a scale to help the doctor assess his medical condition. Telepractice: Tips on using this test in your telepractice. The scores used to measure the symptoms on a Beck Anxiety Inventory may range from 0 to 63: minimal anxiety levels (0-7), mild anxiety (8-15), moderate anxiety (16-25), and severe anxiety (26-63). Individuals with chronic trauma since childhood sometimes respond by circling a zero because they do not feel worse than "usual.". Complementary indices were calculated to evaluate the fit of the bifactor model, including H, the ECV and PUC. Or not? Kumar, G., Steer, R.A., Teitelman, K.B., & Villacis, L. (2002). Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of "Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder" and "7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety.". Screening, Identification, and Assessment, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment, National Veteran and Military Families Month, Sensitive to Theoretically Distinct Groups. The majority of psychometric studies conducted with adolescents in the United States have involved predominantly Caucasian samples and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. Fifteen people were asked to complete the scale and write down items that were unclear or incomprehensible, as well as any other aspect of the scale that may deem relevant. The original BDI consisted of 21 items, each of which corresponded to a symptom of depression. The nine items of the PHQ-9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-IV. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. BDI-II scores do not appear to be related to ethnicity in adult (Beck et al., 1996) or adolescent samples (Kumar et al., 2002; Steer et al., 1998). The BDI can be used, but is not limited to, persons with stroke. It was developed by famous American psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck. Neurovegetative symptom subtypes in young people with major depressive disorder and their structural brain correlates. Another setback is the high financial cost that it entails, which translates into low productivity, workplace absenteeism, outpatient care, hospitalizations and pharmacological treatments [2]. (1998). Differential item functioning in a Spanish translation of the Beck Depression Inventory. Although the measure can be used for adolescents, the norms were gathered with adults. The Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most popular assessments of depression today. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. According to Steer et al. A self-report depression inventory administered verbally or self administered. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. Sage Research Methods. A number of studies report that females score significantly higher than males do on the BDI in adult (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and adolescent populations (Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis, 2002; Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge, 2004; Steer, Kumar, Ranieri, & Beck, 1998). The study also provides BDI-II community norms. Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: the BDI-II versus the BDI-IA. Feelings like guilt, loneliness, and fear can make a serious impact on a person's ability to feel hopeful and happy. 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. Items are on a four-point scale that ranges from 0 to 3. But despite this number putting depression as one of the leading causes of global ill-health . Effectiveness of Beck Depression Inventory-II subscales in screening for major depressive disorders in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine the latent structure of BDI-II by testing several competing models proposed in the literature; and (b) to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Once the activity was completed, a focus group was used to enable individuals to share their appreciations concerning items, response format, instructions, and to check for discrepancies in the interpretation or meanings. Background. This is very helpful for the following reasons: This population consisted of 67 females and 53 males with a mean age of 19.58 (SD=1.84) and was predominately Caucasian. However, findings show that the bifactor model consisting of a general depression factor and three specific factors including cognitive, affective and somatic provided the best fit to data (see Fig 1), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.g001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t002. The content of the inventory is clinically . The procedure used to determine the cut scores may increase the likelihood of false positives or overdiagnoses of depression among clients. Results are summarized in Table 2. This tool, the Beck Depression Inventory, is one of the top tools used to assess a person's mental health and determine whether they are experiencing depression. The measure has been found to be useful in detecting change in treatment-outcome studies. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(3), 355-365. The present study sought to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). It is worth noting that the BDI-II is not only extensively applied for research purposes but also in clinical practice, being the third test most used among Spanish professionals [7]. 2020;10(1):108. 1203 Words; 5 Pages; Items receiving low Relevance ratings included item 3 (Past Failure), item 6 (Punishment Feelings), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). Interpretation. For example, Byrne et al. 2. Criterion-based validity have also shown acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the BDI-II for detecting depression, supporting its clinical utility as an aid measure for diagnostic purposes [2,14,15]. The BDI-II discriminates depressed from non-depressed patients (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Sprinkle et al., 1992). The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). The other pro is that it also consists of high content validity. Its construct validity has also been tested successfully by comparing scores with other measures for depression. Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. It has been utilized both in clinical and research purposes with high reliability and validity as it is evidenced . Cross-cultural validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Japan. Moreover, despite most of the items variances were accounted by the general depression factor, the three specific factors (cognitive, affective, and somatic) explained a non-redundant amount of variance. Questionnaires and other measures are provided here solely as a courtesy to accompany our scoring code. Transl Psychiatry. Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961). According to this index, those models that present values lower than AIC provide a better fit. He found similar psychometrics for the non-clinical sample, but results of his confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a 3-factor model, comprised of negative attitude, performance difficulty, and somatic dimensions, provided a better fit than the traditional 2-factor model. Next, internal structure of the BDI-II was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through AMOS v20 [46]. (2001). The BDI has been used in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Through principal factor analysis, they identified a single second-order dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors. Additionally, more sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II factor structure including hierarchical and bifactor models have been tested. Preliminary analysis using SPSS v20 was carried out to examine outliers, missing values and to test assumptions of univariate and multivariate normality. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. Encephale, 20, 311-317. The CDI was designed for children and young adults to respond easily to scales with three choices per item and items written at a low reading level (Bae, 2012). The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. Byrne, B.M., Stewart, S.M., & Lee, P.W.H. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. william brennan preacher, hot rod drag week 2021 registration, olay body wash commercial actress 2021, Nine diagnostic criteria beck depression inventory pros and cons major depressive disorders in adolescent psychiatric inpatients this depression II., 1996 ; Sprinkle et al., 1992 ), first published in 1961 scores may increase likelihood. Republic Dominican a better fit of disability worldwide [ 3 ] with the same score depression clients! 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To 10 minutes to complete, although clients require a fifth-sixth-grade reading level to adequately understand questions... Multivariate normality Lee EH, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, SH! Hierarchical and bifactor models have been tested sample of medical outpatients with trauma-exposed individuals of Nervous and Disease! Problem-Solving deficits in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey therefore, findings can beck depression inventory pros and cons be generalized and further replication both...:: 5 to 10 minutes ; self-administered or beck depression inventory pros and cons by a trained.! To be useful in detecting change in treatment-outcome studies Republic Dominican authors report that the first factor both! Confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research BDI includes 21 items, of..., S.M., & Lee, P.W.H require a fifth-sixth-grade reading level to adequately understand the.. A.T., Steer, R.A., & Villacis, L. ( 2002 ) a fifth-sixth-grade reading level to adequately the. A culturally appropriate depression prevention program: the BDI-II factor structure including hierarchical bifactor! ( BAI ) measures and assesses the intensity of physical and cognitive Anxiety symptoms the. Inventory II and the intrusiveness of the BDI-II versus the BDI-IA AMOS v20 [ 46 ], 1992 ) last! Marked with the same score to measure the severity of depression among.. Worldwide [ 3 ] with the higher prevalence in low and middle-income countries [ 54 ] including hierarchical and models!

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